Fresh food can be contaminated by sticker labels, Montreal study finds
Fresh foods sold in Canada can be contaminated by a chemical found in sticker labels, according to a study led by a Montreal researcher.
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical restricted in Canada because of its association with prostate and breast cancer. But BPS is also an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that mimics the effect of human hormones.
"With all the movement to get rid of bisphenol A in applications that are close to our food, to find the cousin bisphenol S in such high frequency everywhere like this, it really surprised us," said Professor Stéphane Bayen of McGill University's food science department.
Researchers analyzed a wide range of fresh packaged foods available in Canada, from meats and baked goods to cheeses and vegetables.
They found relatively high levels of BPS in labels and stickers printed via heat transfer. The amounts found were well above the European Union's limit.
In many cases, foods were contaminated by labels placed directly o them. But BPS even contaminated food covered with plastic film.
"We've shown that these thin films don't act as a barrier at all," said Bayen. "What's in the labels is going to get into the food."
In contrast, the team detected little to no BPS in plastic film, absorbent pads and plastic trays.
A 2020 U.S. study using mice showed BPS can cross the placental barrier and potentially interfere with a fetus' brain development.
Researchers documented a nearly 80 per cent reduction in the concentration of serotonin in the placenta and a three-to-five-fold increase in dopamine. Serotonin and dopamine are two neurotransmitters involved in brain development.
Canada does not regulate the use of BPS. However, Bill S-5, which would significantly modernize the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, proposes changes that various environmental groups have long awaited.
The act dictates how the federal government regulates toxic chemicals and other pollutants to protect the environment and people from harmful effects.
"The point we really want to push is to not make the same mistake again," said Bayen. "We replaced BPA with BPS, and now clearly we have a situation where we're going to have to find a substitute, and we really want to make sure that it's not substituted by something that in a few years is going to be on our radar again."
Protecting the population from BPA and BPS could involve favouring other types of materials for food packaging such as glass or metal.
The findings were published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published in French on March 21, 2023.
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